Asphalt compositions



Patented Aug. 2, 1949 2 ,478,162 v asggpgg pomoslnons Harry J. Sommer, Lafayette, Calif., assignor to ShellDi'e'velop'iiient Company, San Francisco,

Qalif 'apoipoiation of Delaware No Drawing, Application March 31, 1947,

s rig! No. 738,493 I Claims. (01. 106--273) This invent ng dea s w t he men fee l re 9 asphaltic materials and or prod ortfom cs1- 2 2? semes esp auiu' erui i i h re t ii e p i t nous compos'itiohs, pavements, roads, "floors, paints, rust preyentiyes, and thelikel It wen known'that asphaltsjh'aye relatively good covering" and adhesive "properties" "to" dry solids, as rocks, stones; sand, "cement, iron, glass, etc. However, whenthe solid is'mpis'tor Wet, it oftenbecomes difficult or eve impossible to obtain a satisfactory bond between the such Wetted aggregate and the asphalt. Furthermore, when asolidf however coated, is exposed to tslater, it often appe s tha t water displaces more ori'less rapidly the asphalt' fr'om the solid an'd may strip it' c'omplet'ely; These facts are of great importance, particularly in the building off'roadswitfiiineriiulsifid asphalts, as it'is general 'necessary'to'employ d'r'y' aggregate tor their -coristruction,"thus involving or necessitating costly drying lofwaiting for propitious weather. Furthermore, roa'ds orice constructed may disintegrate under' the influence of rain or .tellu-ric moisture when the bond between the asphalt and the aggregate fails. "Thus, in the past a great deal of "effort was directed .towardiproviding methods for successfully coating .wet aggregate with asphalt and producing water resistant coverings.

Asphalticemu-lsions maybe usedon wet aggregate, but they cannot be applied during inclement weather if good coating and cementing action is to he obtained.

Addition .of .parafiin, montan .wax and similar materials is sometimes recommended to prevent the stripping of asphalt from aggregate, but in many cases these materials are not very effective. whey seem to impart a certain rigidity-to the surface of the asphalt so that m the'presnce'bf water it "does not reced'e easily', although Water often penetrates between the asphalt andtlieaggreens. When, however, the aggregate is sub- .i'e to a t ain ra on o h eh tweet ture t e r di s nsum ient to ,previ an d striilp iel Rigidity of the asphalt is a more fiectiveiactor ,i d' q asineih st i ing te ncy "of row penetration which" often seem to a re a e m re tene eusly han a ph l .a des eeielivcutbacks su asphalts require heating during application, which often makes their use Addition of surface anion as organic lypophilic acids; I 5 adhesion of asphalts to bas c stone, but has little or no 9 hesion to acidic rocks such g .ment of the latter rocks with'hyd: of poiyvalent metals s ucl as c coating with eeriei yields quite good results but g t the procedure. These methods 1; w the wetting properties of asphal t ar some types of aggregate, sp'LtliTat s or higher temperature do not 1g the stripping of the asphalt. i practice they may show greatly jiigi resistance. Furthermore, they Ved water allow the cause they simply a they are too unstable to p.

still others because they i I asphalt, etc. Thus, for egcample,

phatic primary amines ar crystalline, ,pzax-like and of limited solubility in asp lial t sf Ihey seem to improve the adhesion o'f'as'pha'lt to acidic rocks, but this appears .to'he largely Jdue tosa rigidity .eifeet and :does not provide full protection in actual roadipltactice. "Aryl amines, on theother hand, such as naphthylamines ,or aniline, as well asiezocyclic ;compounds'sucli as py'ridinenr nitroen bases naturally present in many asphalts. are dui e soluble in asphalt ,but do not seem .to improve n ticeably the stripping tenden y of .asphaalts 0 t :isan ohiectpi this mven ien to immers th adhes on o bitum nous mater als, pa i eu ar y of to solids to maie n ssible'th 'suesessis} time o mois o w t sel ds wit and to decrease the stripping of asphalt coated M I "ch- "w M- r .ebi sts. ine i s e th $h9ll 1 M. med a ion-hf an al -mimosa ashh lt saleable i improved adhesion to acidic roclgsj particular, of imp ov d road budd es and soi e..

- results in each case.

Now in accordance with this invention, bituminous substances and solids are brought together in the presence of relatively minor amounts each of sulfur and of an oleophilic aliphatic monoamine.

The term bituminous substances as used in describing this invention is meant to includ substances containing asphaltenes or tarry con stituents such as the following:

Bitumens:

Natural waxes- Ozokerite Ceresine Montan wax Natural asphalt- Malta asphalt Trinidad asphalt Asphaltites- Gilsonite Glance pitch Grahamite Pyrogenous distillates:

Pyrogenous waxes Parafiin' wax Petroleum tars Oil-gas tar Coal tar Gas-retort coal tar Low-temperature coal tar Wood tars- Pine tar Hardwood tar Miscellaneous tars- Peat tar Lignite tar Shale tar Bone tar Pyrogenous residues:

Pyrogenous asphalts- Residual oils Blow petroleum asphalt Soft residual asphalt Hard residual asphalt Sludge asphalt Petroleum pitch- Oil-gas tar pitch Coal-tar pitch- Gasworks coal-tar pitch The combinations of sulfur with th amines described below are also useful in improving the adhesion to solids of lubricating oils, electrical oils, spray oils, etc.

The solids toward which the subject combina tion of modifiers is most active comprise the socalled acidic aggregates, such as granite, quartz, feldspar, and many other substantially inert substances such as igneous rocks, silica sands, diatomaceous earths, clays, mica, asbestos, etc; other solids which may be benefited include glass, Portland cement, iron, other metals, and synthetic resins such as phenolic resins, glyptal resins, etc.

The sulfur, which enhances the adhesion characteristics of the amines listed below 50 remarkably, must be added in a free state, that is, not as a sulfur compound. Any of the various physical forms of sulfur are satisfactory, including flowers of sulfur, colloidal sulfur, lac sulfur, washed sulfur, etc.

It has been found that the addition of sulfur to all types of amines does not produce the same For example, if sulfur and diamines are present together in bituminous compositions a considerable evolution of hydrogen sulfide occurs. Moreover, if sulfur is added to bituminous compositions containing halogenated amines, such as quaternary ammonium salts or the ammonolysis product of chlorinated parafiin, the adhesion characteristics are substantially poorer than if sulfur is absent. However, if the sulfur is combined in bituminous compositions with oleophilic aliphatic monoamines there is an unexpected increase in the degree and permanence of the adhesion of such compositions to various aggregates and other solids.

The preferred oleophilic aliphatic monoamines for use in combination with sulfur are those having from about twelve to about twenty-four carbon atoms, and especially those having 12-18 carbon atoms, wherein the amino group is attached to a terminal carbon atom. This preferred group includes: l-amino-dodecane, l-amino-tridecane, l-amino-tetradecane, 'l-amino-pentadecane, 1- amino-hexadecane, l-amino-heptadecane and 1- amino-octadecane.

Another suitable group of aliphatic monoamines are those in which the amino group is attached to a carbon atom at a position other than at the terminal. Such amines include 3- amino-dodecane, 4-amino-hexadecane, G-aminooctadecane, etc.

v A third group of suitable monoamines are thosein which the carbon chain to which the amino group is attached is a branched chain. Such amines include 2,2-dimethyl-4-amino-decane, 2 methyl B-ethyl-6-amino-dodecane, 2,3- di-isopropyl-B-amino-decane, and l,3,5,7,-tetramethyl-IO-amino-decane.

" eating oil and commingling the solution with the bitumen. Moderate heating may be helpful. One or both of the modifiers may also be applied to the aggregate prior to the application of the asphalt, e. g. in the form of a solution in an organic solvent or as an aqueous emulsion, or by other suitable means. The sulfur, alternatively, may be dissolved in the amine. When producing asphalt concrete, it is often convenient to admix the sulfur and amine during the mixing of the asphalt and the aggregate. The amine may be used either in the form of a free amine, or of the salt of an acid, or a mixture of both.

As the necessary quantities of sulfur and amines are small relative to that of the asphalt and especially of the aggregate, it is in general advantageous to disperse them in suitable diluent carrier as described above in order to insure thorough dispersion.

The presence of free strong alkali tends to reduce the activity of the sulfur and amines. Naphthenic or other soaps free from free alkali are not usually harmful at ordinary temperatures, but if heat is applied to such a mixture for extended periods, such soaps often decrease or destroy the beneficial properties of the combination of sulfur and. amine, probably through liberation of alkalies by hydrolysis or complex formation. Thus adhesion of soda-asphalts, which may contain 10% or more of sodium naphthenate, as well as free NaOH, cannot be substantially improved by the addition of sulfur and amines.

If asphalts which contain neutral soaps and amines are shipped in heated tank-cars, the activity of the amine may decrease somewhat. It

should be noted, however, that addition of sulfur to such compositions minimizes such adverse shipping changes.

Adhesion of asphalts to various types of solid surfaces may be improved still further if, in addition to the sulfur and amines an organic lypophilic acid, particularly a higher fatty acid, is present. The combination improves the adhesion of asphalt toward acidic, neutral and basic surfaces. Suitable lypophilic acids include naphthenic acids, fatty acids such as stearic acid, wool fat acids, paraffin acids, higher alkyl diacids such as dialkyl succinic acids, phthalic acid, oilsoluble sulfonic acids, etc.

The amount of sulfur and of amine necessary to enable successful application of asphalt to a wet surface and to insure production of a Water resistant composition of high compressive strength varies with extent and nature of the surface to be covered, the nature of the asphalt, the method of application, and the degree permanence of improvement desired. Thus, for example, if a coarse aggregate, e. g. one that is retained by a 30 mesh screen, is to be covered, about 0.1% each of sulfur and amine may be re quired, While when a dusty aggregate containing substantial amounts of 200 mesh and finer components is to be cemented, as much as about 2% of each additive may be necessary. When dissolved in an asphalt cutback, slightly larger amounts of sulfur and amines may be necessary than if they are applied to the solid in a volatile solvent prior to the application of the asphalt.

In order to evaluate stripping tendency, the following test procedure, known as the total Water immersion test or T. W. I. T. was developed:

The asphalt to be tested for storage stability is heated for '7 days at 121 C. 500 gms. of an aggregate passing 1.5 inch screen but retained by .75 inch screen is immersed in water for 30 minutes, drained 30 sees. and mixed for five minutes with 35 gms. of asphalt cutback heated to 70-120" C. in a large porcelain dish by means of a large aluminum spoon.

The coated rock is placed in a Wide mouth, screw top, pint jar and the lid tightened. After allowing it to stand for 30 minutes, the contents of the jar are covered with distilled water, the lid replaced and the jar placed in a thermostat bath at 104 F. for 3 hours.

At the end of this time the stones While under Water are individually inspected, and the surface which has remained covered is evaluated visually and averaged for all stones. The result is expressed in tenths of the surface, rounded to the Per Cent Per Cent T. W. I. T

l-Ammo- Sulfur octadecane Value 0. 0 U. 0 0 0. 0 0. 8 1 O. 1 O. 8 9 O. 3 0. 8 9 0. 5 0. 8 9 0. 8 0. 8 9 1. 0 O. 8 8 2. 0 0. 8 8

I claim as my invention:

1. A bituminous composition comprising as the binder therefor a major amount of an asphalt and 0.l-2.G% each, by Weight of the asphalt, of sulfur and an oleophilic aliphatic mono-amine having 12 to 24 carbon atoms.

2. A bituminous composition consisting essentially of an asphalt and 0.1-2.0% each, by weight of said material, of sulfur and an oleophilic aliphatic mono-amine having 12-24 carbon atoms.

3. A bituminous composition consisting essentially of an asphalt and 0.1-2.0% each, by weight of the asphalt, of sulfur and l-amino-octadecane.

4. A bituminous composition consisting essentially of an asphalt and 0.1-2.0% each, by weight of the asphalt, of sulfur and l-amino-hexadecane.

5. A bituminous composition consisting essentially of an asphalt and 0.1-2.0% each, by weight of the asphalt, of sulfur and l-amino-heptadecane.

HARRY J. SOMMER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,169,814 Patrick Aug. 15, 1939 2,375,653 Holmes May 8, 1945 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 847,829 France July 10, 1939 560,716 Great Britain Apr. 18, 1944 

